What Is a Body Piercing?

A body piercing is just what it sounds like — a piercing or puncture made in the body by a needle. After that, a piece of jewelry is inserted in the hole. Commonly pierced body parts are the ears, nose, and the belly button. Oral piercings include the lip, cheek, and tongue.

When a piercing is healed, some people will choose to expand the size of the hole to wear certain types of jewelry, including plugs and tunnels. Stretching should be done in small increments to decrease the chance of damage to the piercing and scarring.

What Should I know About It?

If you're thinking about getting pierced, do your research first. If you're under 18, some places won't allow you to get a piercing without a parent's permission, and some require that a parent be present during the piercing. In some states, minors are not allowed to get piercings.

Before getting a body piercing, make sure you have had all your immunizations (especially hepatitis B and tetanus shots). If you have a medical problem (such as heart disease, allergies, diabetes, a weak immune system, or a bleeding problem), talk to your doctor before getting pierced. If you plan to get a tongue or mouth piercing, make sure your teeth and gums are healthy.

Also, if you get keloids (an overgrowth of scar tissue), you should probably not get body piercings.

Even though body piercings are generally accepted, some piercings may hurt your chances of getting a job or advancing your career.

How Can I Get a Body Piercing Safely?

Body piercing is regulated in some states but not others. If you decide to get a body piercing, ask about the shop's procedures and make sure it has a clean and safe environment for its customers.

Every shop should have an autoclave (a sterilizing machine) and keep sterilized instruments in sealed packets until they are used. Ask questions and make sure that the body piercer:

• is a licensed practitioner
• washes their hands before each procedure
• wears fresh disposable gloves (like those worn at a doctor's office)
• uses single-use needles and sterilized instruments
• uses ear-piercing guns that are sterilized or disposable

The shop also should follow procedures for the proper handling and disposal of waste (like needles or gauze with blood on them).

Before you get a piercing, find out if you're allergic to any metals, like nickel or brass. Choose jewelry (including backs or studs) made from metals that are less likely to cause reactions, such as:

• surgical stainless steel
• solid gold (not gold-filled or gold-plated)
• niobium
• titanium

If you think the shop isn't clean enough, if all your questions aren't answered, or if you feel in any way uncomfortable, go somewhere else to get your piercing.

What Happens During a Piercing?

This is what to expect from getting a body part pierced:

• The body piercer should wash their hands with antibacterial soap and water and wear clean, fresh gloves.
• The area to be pierced (except for the tongue) is cleaned with alcohol or other antiseptic.
• You should see the piercer remove needles and equipment from sterile containers.
• Your skin is then punctured with a piercing gun (for earrings only) or a very sharp, single-use needle.
• The piece of jewelry, which has already been sterilized, is placed.
• The body piercer disposes of the needle in a special container so that there is no risk of the needle or blood touching someone else.

The body piercer will give you instructions on how to care for your new piercing and what to do if there is a problem.

What Are the Risks of Body Piercing?

It's normal to have mild swelling and tenderness at the pierced area. There may be a lot of swelling with a tongue piercing. Serious problems can happen if you try to pierce yourself, have a friend do it for you, or have it done in any unclean environment. Make sure it's done by a professional in a safe and clean environment.

But even if you are careful, problems can happen. Common problems related to body piercing include:

• pain
• infection
• bleeding
• scarring and keloids
• allergic reaction to the jewelry

Infections can range from skin or cartilage infections with redness, swelling, tenderness, and pus to more serious blood infections. Tongue swelling after piercing can cause breathing problems. There's a risk for chipped or cracked teeth for people with oral piercings. There's a chance that jewelry in the nose or tongue could be swallowed or inhaled into the lungs.

Depending on the body part that was pierced, healing time can be a few weeks to several months. If you do get a piercing, make sure you take good care of it afterward — don't pick or tug at it, and keep the area clean with water and gentle soap (not alcohol or hydrogen peroxide). Always wash your hands before touching your piercing. If you have a mouth piercing, use an alcohol-free, antibacterial mouthwash or other recommended oral cleanser.

Call your doctor if you have bleeding, increased pain, or any signs of infection.